The transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) gene codes a multifunctional cytokine that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types, including cancer cells, the surrounding stromal cells, immune cells, endothelial and smooth-muscle cells. It causes immunosuppression and angiogenesis, which makes the cancer more invasive. TGF-β also converts effector T-cells, which normally attack cancer with an inflammatory (immune) reaction, into regulatory (suppressor) T-cells, which turn off the inflammatory reaction. TGF-β induces apoptosis in numerous cell types. TGF-β can act on adipocyte precursor cells. TGF-β1 has been shown to be a potent inhibitor of the differentiation of adipogenic cell lines. In addition, a differentiation-defective, insulin-independent cell line derived from the adipogenic cell line 1246 produces in its conditional medium a TGF-β1-like polypeptide which could modulate the cell ability to differentiate in an autocrine fashion. Increased TGF-β1 expression was associated with BMI and abdominal adipose tissue in morbid obesity.
 
Detection Range:
    16 - 1000 pg/mL
Sensitivity:
    4 pg/mL